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TwT: Thinking without Tokens by Habitual Reasoning Distillation with Multi-Teachers' Guidance

Jingxian Xu, Mengyu Zhou, Weichang Liu, Hanbing Liu, Shi Han, Dongmei Zhang

Selects diverse worked solutions from multiple teachers, then trains a student on full solutions, compressed solutions, and finally answers alone. The intermediate compression stage uses the student’s responses to guide how a teacher shortens its explanations.

First public: · Added to this list: November 9, 2026

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ArXiv preprint

arXiv:2503.24198 · Initial submission: 2025-03-31

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Internalized reasoning — Learn from worked solutions so that some or all of the reasoning can later happen without writing those steps. Training may use a separate teacher model or progressively remove written steps from the model being trained.