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Teaching Pretrained Language Models to Think Deeper with Retrofitted Recurrence

Sean McLeish, Ang Li, John Kirchenbauer, Dayal Singh Kalra, Brian R. Bartoldson, Bhavya Kailkhura, Avi Schwarzschild, Jonas Geiping, Tom Goldstein, Micah Goldblum

Adds recurrent depth to pretrained language models and trains them to use repeated internal computation without pretraining from scratch.

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arXiv:2511.07384 · Initial submission: 2025-11-10

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Recurrent reasoning — Repeat parts of the model or keep intermediate information in memory while working through a problem. Some methods also learn how many passes to run.

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