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Almost Free State Prediction Separation

John Langford, Nathan Godey, Giovanni Monea, Yoav Artzi, Harry Dong, Ying Fan, Gustavo de Rosa, Zheng Zhan

Moves pause-token computation into a parallel, weight-shared prediction stream, providing additional internal compute without increasing generated sequence length or key/value-cache length.

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Earlier title: Free Pause Tokens.

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ArXiv preprint

arXiv:2609.03807 · Initial submission: 2026-09-03

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Explore this approach

Thinking tokens — Give a model extra tokens for computation, such as pauses, filler symbols, or learned planning tokens. These tokens need not spell out the solution.

Alternative generation methods — Change how intermediate steps are generated, revised, or searched—for example, by refining several steps in parallel. These are related approaches: some still produce written chains of thought.

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