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Binary Discrete Diffusion: Candidate-Set Diffusion for Logic and Planning Tasks

Rodrigo Casado Noguerales, Dimitri von Rütte, Bernhard Schölkopf, Thomas Hofmann, Aran Raoufi

Represents each unfinished output position as a set of possible tokens. Denoising removes or restores candidates before choosing a final token, testing how this intermediate representation affects Sudoku, Boxoban, graph coloring and language modeling.

First public: · Added to this list: October 26, 2026

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ArXiv preprint

arXiv:2610.28543 · Initial submission: 2026-10-20

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Alternative generation methods — Change how intermediate steps are generated, revised, or searched—for example, by refining several steps in parallel. Some produce written chains of thought.