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Energy-Based Reasoners: Your Recurrent Reasoner Should Be an Energy-Based Model

William Xingxu Chen, Alexi Gladstone, Zeyu Michael Li, Heng Ji, Yilun Du

Refines puzzle-solving states by descending a learned energy function. Trains convergence to track answer correctness and supervises the best-matching trajectories when a problem has several valid solutions.

First public: · Added to this list: November 9, 2026

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ArXiv preprint

arXiv:2611.08977 · Initial submission: 2026-11-06

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Recurrent reasoning — Repeat parts of the model or keep intermediate information in memory while working through a problem. Some methods also learn how many passes to run.