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Observable Patterns Are Not Explanations: A Causal-Geometric Analysis of Latent Reasoning Models

Darpan Aswal, Thomas Palmeira Ferraz, Yongxin Zhou, Maxime Peyrard

Compares Coconut and CODI with controls lacking their proposed reasoning recurrence or curriculum. Finds that decodable patterns can also appear in controls, while interventions reveal varying causal use of latent states concentrated in low-dimensional directions.

First public: · Added to this list: October 18, 2026

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arXiv:2606.12689 · Initial submission: 2026-06-10

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Analysis and evaluation — Measure how well these methods work, investigate what their internal computation does, and identify where they fail. This includes experiments, studies of model internals, and mathematical results.

Continuous-state reasoning — Use vectors—lists of numbers—to carry intermediate reasoning from one step to the next, instead of selecting a text token at every step. Some methods use the model's hidden states; others combine several candidate token representations.

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