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Do Thinking Tokens Help with Safety?

Narutatsu Ri, Abhishek Panigrahi, Sanjeev Arora

Probes whether the first hidden state of a reasoning trace predicts a model’s eventual refusal or compliance. Compares this early signal with partial-trace continuations and thinking-enabled versus direct responses to test whether written deliberation changes safety decisions.

First public: · Added to this list: November 2, 2026

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ArXiv preprint

arXiv:2606.25013 · Initial submission: 2026-06-23

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Analysis and evaluation — Measure how well these methods work, investigate what their internal computation does, and identify where they fail. This includes experiments, studies of model internals, and mathematical results.