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Does Out-of-Sight Equal Out-of-Mind in CoT Monitorability?

Pedro Ferreira, Wilker Aziz, Ivan Titov

Compares monitoring from explicit traces, latent-state probes, and latent verbalizations, finding that monitorability depends strongly on task structure and level of internal access.

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arXiv:2608.04928 · Initial submission: 2026-08-05

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Analysis and evaluation — Measure how well these methods work, investigate what their internal computation does, and identify where they fail. This includes experiments, studies of model internals, and mathematical results.

Continuous-state reasoning — Use vectors—lists of numbers—to carry intermediate reasoning from one step to the next, instead of selecting a text token at every step. Some methods use the model's hidden states; others combine several candidate token representations.

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