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SMELT: Scaling Laws for Compute-Matched MoE Looped Transformers

Shaowen Wang, Ge Zhang, Kairong Luo, Yuhao Wu, Shaofan Liu, Jiaheng Liu, Wenhao Huang, Shen Yan, Jian Li

Loops the middle half of a mixture-of-experts transformer twice while matching an unlooped baseline on computation, parameter count, and KV-cache size. Studies how the comparison changes with model scale and examines the attention patterns produced by revisiting layers.

First public: · Added to this list: October 18, 2026

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arXiv:2609.01343 · Initial submission: 2026-09-01

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Recurrent reasoning — Repeat parts of the model or keep intermediate information in memory while working through a problem. Some methods also learn how many passes to run.

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