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Running Fewer Loops Removes Refusal Behaviour in Recurrent-Depth Language Models

Seyedarmin Azizi, Erfan Baghaei Potraghloo, Arya Fayyazi, Saeid Shokoufa, Massoud Pedram

Studies how reducing recurrent depth changes refusal behavior in two looped language-model families. Uses probes and interventions to distinguish recognizing a harmful request from refusing it, and tests safety training across randomly selected depths.

First public: · Added to this list: October 18, 2026

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arXiv:2610.15218 · Initial submission: 2026-10-10

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Analysis and evaluation — Measure how well these methods work, investigate what their internal computation does, and identify where they fail. This includes experiments, studies of model internals, and mathematical results.

Recurrent reasoning — Repeat parts of the model or keep intermediate information in memory while working through a problem. Some methods also learn how many passes to run.

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