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Truncate or Not? A Scaling Study of Looped Transformers with Truncated Backpropagation

Xuyuan Xiong, Siyu Chen, Zihan Shao, Yue Su, Weiyang Jin, Ping Luo, Zhuoran Yang, Xihui Liu

Measures how forward loop counts and truncated backpropagation affect language-model pretraining across model sizes and data budgets. Fits scaling laws to compare full backpropagation through fewer loops with truncated alternatives at matched compute.

First public: · Added to this list: October 22, 2026

Cite this paper

ArXiv preprint

arXiv:2610.26030 · Initial submission: 2026-10-19

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Recurrent reasoning — Repeat parts of the model or keep intermediate information in memory while working through a problem. Some methods also learn how many passes to run.

Analysis and evaluation — Measure how well these methods work, investigate what their internal computation does, and identify where they fail. This includes experiments, studies of model internals, and mathematical results.