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Adversarial Speculative Reasoning Improves Long Horizon Agents

Hongyin Luo, Wei Fang, Lijie Yang, Owen Stepan, Daniel Suit, Jeff Krapf, Dana Wensberg, Jack O'Brien

Measures how numerical errors accumulate across speculative verification blocks. Trains a draft model to trigger rejection near decisions in a written reasoning trace, restarting verification where cache entries are computed with higher precision.

First public: · Added to this list: November 9, 2026

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ArXiv preprint

arXiv:2611.05345 · Initial submission: 2026-11-03

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Alternative generation methods — Change how intermediate steps are generated, revised, or searched—for example, by refining several steps in parallel. Some produce written chains of thought.

Analysis and evaluation — Measure how well these methods work, investigate what their internal computation does, and identify where they fail. This includes experiments, studies of model internals, and mathematical results.